Detailed chemical compositions of planet-hosting stars: II. Exploration of the interiors of terrestrial-type exoplanets

A major goal in the discovery and characterisation of exoplanets is to identify terrestrial-type worlds that are similar (or otherwise distinct from) our Earth. Recent results have highlighted importance applying devolatilisation -- i.e. depletion volatiles chemical composition planet-hosting stars constrain bulk interiors exoplanets. In this work, we apply such an approach a selected sample 13 Sun-like stars, for which high-precision photospheric abundances been determined first paper series. With resultant devolatilised stellar (i.e. model planetary composition) as well other constraints including mass radius, detailed mineralogy interior structure hypothetical, habitable-zone terrestrial planets ("exo-Earths") around these stars. Model output shows most exo-Earths expected broadly Earth-like structure, consistent with conclusions derived independently from analysis polluted white dwarfs. The exceptions Kepler-10 Kepler-37 exo-Earths, predict strongly oxidised thus would develop metallic cores much smaller than Investigating at its extremes varying radius (within regime) reveals potential diversities planets. By considering (i) abundances, (ii) devolatilisation, (iii) holistically, work represents essential steps explore exoplanets, turn fundamental understanding dynamics long-term evolution.